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lpi2:start [2013/11/29 09:04]
ingo_wichmann
lpi2:start [2020/05/08 05:30]
ingo_wichmann [210.4 Configuring an OpenLDAP server (weight: 4)]
Zeile 1: Zeile 1:
-====== Exam 201 ====== +== TODO == 
-===== Topic 203: Filesystem and Devices ===== +  * Seiten aus Schulung ​[[netzwerkdienste]] hier einarbeiten 
-=== 203.2 Maintaining a Linux filesystem === +  * Syntax-Regeln der verschiedenen Config-Dateien genauer erklären.
-  * [[xfs]] +
-  * [[ext]] +
-=== 203.3 Creating and configuring filesystem options ===  +
-  * [[ecryptfs]] +
-  * [[cryptsetup-luks]] +
- +
-===== Topic 205: Networking Configuration ===== +
-=== 205.1 Basic networking configuration === +
-  * [[IPv6]]+
  
 ====== Exam 201 ====== ====== Exam 201 ======
-=== 207.1 Basic DNS server configuration === 
-"//​ability to convert older BIND configuration files to newer format//":​ 
-<​file>​ 
-$TTL 
-</​file>​ 
- 
-====== Exam 201 ====== 
- 
 ===== Topic 200: Capacity Planning ===== ===== Topic 200: Capacity Planning =====
- 
 ==== 200.1 Measure and Troubleshoot Resource Usage (weight: 6) ==== ==== 200.1 Measure and Troubleshoot Resource Usage (weight: 6) ====
  
 Candidates should be able to measure hardware resource and network bandwidth, identify and troubleshoot resource problems. Candidates should be able to measure hardware resource and network bandwidth, identify and troubleshoot resource problems.
  
- +==Key Knowledge Areas==
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+
  
   * Measure CPU usage.   * Measure CPU usage.
Zeile 39: Zeile 20:
   * Estimate throughput and identify bottlenecks in a system including networking.   * Estimate throughput and identify bottlenecks in a system including networking.
  
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
   * iostat   * iostat
 +  * iotop
   * vmstat   * vmstat
   * netstat   * netstat
 +  * ss
 +  * iptraf
   * pstree, ps   * pstree, ps
   * w   * w
   * lsof   * lsof
   * top   * top
 +  * htop
   * uptime   * uptime
   * sar    * sar 
Zeile 54: Zeile 39:
   * blocks in   * blocks in
   * blocks out    * blocks out 
 +
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[prozesse|ps]]
 +  * [[lsof]]
 +  * [[sysstat]]
 +  * [[netstat|netstat / ss]]
 +
  
 ==== 200.2 Predict Future Resource Needs (weight: 2) ==== ==== 200.2 Predict Future Resource Needs (weight: 2) ====
Zeile 59: Zeile 51:
 Candidates should be able to monitor resource usage to predict future resource needs. Candidates should be able to monitor resource usage to predict future resource needs.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas== 
 + 
 +  * Use monitoring and measurement tools to monitor IT infrastructure usage. 
 +  * Predict capacity break point of a configuration. 
 +  * Observe growth rate of capacity usage. 
 +  * Graph the trend of capacity usage. 
 +  * Awareness of monitoring solutions such as Icinga2, Nagios, collectd, MRTG and Cacti
  
-* Use collectd to monitor IT infrastructure usage. +==The following is partial list of the used filesterms and utilities==
-* Predict capacity break point of configuration. +
-* Observe growth rate of capacity usage. +
-* Graph the trend of capacity usage. +
-* Awareness of monitoring solutions such as NagiosMRTG and Cacti+
  
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​+  * diagnose 
 +  * predict growth 
 +  * resource exhaustion
  
-* diagnose +==Beispiele==
-* predict growth +
-* resource exhaustion+
  
 +  * [[collectd]]
 ===== Topic 201: Linux Kernel ===== ===== Topic 201: Linux Kernel =====
  
Zeile 79: Zeile 74:
 Candidates should be able to utilise kernel components that are necessary to specific hardware, hardware drivers, system resources and requirements. This objective includes implementing different types of kernel images, understanding stable and longterm kernels and patches, as well as using kernel modules. Candidates should be able to utilise kernel components that are necessary to specific hardware, hardware drivers, system resources and requirements. This objective includes implementing different types of kernel images, understanding stable and longterm kernels and patches, as well as using kernel modules.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Kernel 2.6.x documentation +  ​* Kernel 2.6.x3.x and 4.x documentation
-* Kernel ​3.x documentation+
  
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-* /​usr/​src/​linux +  ​* /​usr/​src/​linux 
-* /​usr/​src/​linux/​Documentation +  * /​usr/​src/​linux/​Documentation 
-* zImage +  * zImage 
-* bzImage ​+  * bzImage 
 +  * xz compression
  
 +==Dokumentation==
 +
 +  * [[https://​www.kernel.org/​doc/​Documentation/​x86/​boot.txt|zImage vs. bzImage]]
  
 ==== 201.2 Compiling a Linux kernel (weight: 3) ==== ==== 201.2 Compiling a Linux kernel (weight: 3) ====
Zeile 96: Zeile 94:
 Candidates should be able to properly configure a kernel to include or disable specific features of the Linux kernel as necessary. This objective includes compiling and recompiling the Linux kernel as needed, updating and noting changes in a new kernel, creating an initrd image and installing new kernels. Candidates should be able to properly configure a kernel to include or disable specific features of the Linux kernel as necessary. This objective includes compiling and recompiling the Linux kernel as needed, updating and noting changes in a new kernel, creating an initrd image and installing new kernels.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* /​usr/​src/​linux/​ +  ​* /​usr/​src/​linux/​ 
-* Kernel Makefiles +  * Kernel Makefiles 
-* Kernel 2.6.x/3.x make targets  +  * Kernel 2.6.x3.x and 4.x make targets  
-* Customize the current kernel configuration. +  * Customize the current kernel configuration. 
-* Build a new kernel and appropriate kernel modules. +  * Build a new kernel and appropriate kernel modules. 
-* Install a new kernel and any modules. +  * Install a new kernel and any modules. 
-* Ensure that the boot manager can locate the new kernel and associated files. +  * Ensure that the boot manager can locate the new kernel and associated files. 
-* Module configuration files  +  * Module configuration files 
-* Awareness of dracut+  * Use DKMS to compile kernel modules. 
 +  ​* Awareness of dracut
  
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-* mkinitrd +  ​* mkinitrd 
-* mkinitramfs +  * mkinitramfs 
-* make +  * make 
-* make targets (all, config, xconfig, menuconfig, gconfig, oldconfig, mrproper, zImage, bzImage, modules, modules_install,​ rpm-pkg, binrpm-pkg, deb-pkg)  +  * make targets (all, config, xconfig, menuconfig, gconfig, oldconfig, mrproper, zImage, bzImage, modules, modules_install,​ rpm-pkg, binrpm-pkg, deb-pkg)  
-* gzip +  * gzip 
-* bzip2  +  * bzip2  
-* module tools +  * module tools 
-* /​usr/​src/​linux/​.config +  * /​usr/​src/​linux/​.config 
-* /​lib/​modules/​kernel-version/​* +  * /​lib/​modules/​kernel-version/​* 
-* depmod+  * depmod 
 +  * dkms
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[lpi1::​make]]
 +  * [[lpi1::​kernel]]
 +  * [[Kernel kompilieren]]
 +  * [[dkms]]
 +  * [[initrd]]
  
 ==== 201.3 Kernel runtime management and troubleshooting (weight: 4) ==== ==== 201.3 Kernel runtime management and troubleshooting (weight: 4) ====
  
-Candidates should be able to manage and/or query a 2.6.x or 3.x kernel and its loadable modules. ​ Candidates should be able to identify and correct common boot and run time issues. Candidates should understand device detection and management using udev. This objective includes troubleshooting udev rules. ​+Candidates should be able to manage and/or query a 2.6.x3.x or 4.x kernel and its loadable modules. Candidates should be able to identify and correct common boot and run time issues. Candidates should understand device detection and management using udev. This objective includes troubleshooting udev rules. ​
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Use command-line utilities to get information about the currently running kernel and kernel modules. +  ​* Use command-line utilities to get information about the currently running kernel and kernel modules. 
-* Manually load and unload kernel modules. +  * Manually load and unload kernel modules. 
-* Determine when modules can be unloaded. +  * Determine when modules can be unloaded. 
-* Determine what parameters a module accepts. +  * Determine what parameters a module accepts. 
-* Configure the system to load modules by names other than their file name.  +  * Configure the system to load modules by names other than their file name.  
-* /proc filesystem +  * /proc filesystem 
-* Content of /, /boot , and /​lib/​modules +  * Content of /, /boot , and /​lib/​modules 
-* Tools and utilities to analyse information about the available hardware +  * Tools and utilities to analyse information about the available hardware 
-* udev rules+  * udev rules
  
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-* /​lib/​modules/​kernel-version/​modules.dep +  ​* /​lib/​modules/​kernel-version/​modules.dep 
-* module configuration files in /etc +  * module configuration files in /etc 
-* /​proc/​sys/​kernel/​ +  * /​proc/​sys/​kernel/​ 
-* /​sbin/​depmod +  * /​sbin/​depmod 
-* /​sbin/​rmmod +  * /​sbin/​rmmod 
-* /​sbin/​modinfo +  * /​sbin/​modinfo 
-* /​bin/​dmesg +  * /​bin/​dmesg 
-* /​sbin/​lspci +  * /​sbin/​lspci 
-* /​usr/​bin/​lsdev +  * /​usr/​bin/​lsdev 
-* /​sbin/​lsmod +  * /​sbin/​lsmod 
-* /​sbin/​modprobe +  * /​sbin/​modprobe 
-* /​sbin/​insmod +  * /​sbin/​insmod 
-* /​bin/​uname +  * /​bin/​uname 
-* /​usr/​bin/​lsusb  +  * /​usr/​bin/​lsusb  
-* /​etc/​sysctl.conf,​ /​etc/​sysctl.d/​ +  * /​etc/​sysctl.conf,​ /​etc/​sysctl.d/​ 
-* /​sbin/​sysctl  +  * /​sbin/​sysctl  
-* udevmonitor +  * udevmonitor 
-* udevadm monitor +  * udevadm monitor 
-* /​etc/​udev ​+  * /​etc/​udev ​
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[lpi1:​kernel]]
 +  * [[udev]]
  
 ===== Topic 202: System Startup ===== ===== Topic 202: System Startup =====
  
-==== 202.1 Customising ​SysV-init ​system startup (weight: 3) ====+==== 202.1 Customising system startup (weight: 3) ====
  
-Candidates should be able to query and modify the behaviour of system services at various run levels. A thorough understanding of the init structure ​and boot process is required. This objective includes interacting with run levels.+Candidates should be able to query and modify the behaviour of system services at various ​targets / run levels. A thorough understanding of the systemd, SysV Init and the Linux boot process is required. This objective includes interacting with systemd targets and SysV init run levels. ​
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Linux Standard Base Specification (LSB) +  * Systemd 
 +  * SysV init 
 +  ​* Linux Standard Base Specification (LSB) 
  
-* SysV init environment+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +  * /​usr/​lib/​systemd/​ 
- +  * /​etc/​systemd/​ 
-* /​etc/​inittab +  * /​run/​systemd/​ 
- +  * systemctl 
-* /​etc/​init.d/​ +  * systemd-delta 
- +  * /​etc/​inittab 
-* /​etc/​rc.d/​ +  * /​etc/​init.d/​ 
- +  * /​etc/​rc.d/​ 
-* chkconfig +  * chkconfig 
- +  * update-rc.d 
-* update-rc.d +  * init and telinit
- +
-* init and telinit+
  
 +==Beispiele==
  
 +  * [[lpi1:​init|SysV-init]]
 +  * [[lpi1:​systemd]]
 ==== 202.2 System recovery (weight: 4) ==== ==== 202.2 System recovery (weight: 4) ====
  
-Candidates should be able to properly manipulate a Linux system during both the boot process and during recovery mode. This objective includes using both the init utility and init-related kernel options. ​ Candidates should be able to determine the cause of errors in loading and usage of bootloaders. GRUB version 2 and GRUB Legacy are the bootloaders of interest.+Candidates should be able to properly manipulate a Linux system during both the boot process and during recovery mode. This objective includes using both the init utility and init-related kernel options. Candidates should be able to determine the cause of errors in loading and usage of bootloaders. GRUB version 2 and GRUB Legacy are the bootloaders of interest. Both BIOS and UEFI systems are covered
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* GRUB version 2 and Legacy+  * BIOS and UEFI 
 +  * NVMe booting 
 +  ​* GRUB version 2 and Legacy 
 +  * grub shell  
 +  * boot loader start and hand off to kernel 
 +  * kernel loading 
 +  * hardware initialisation and setup 
 +  * daemon/​service initialisation and setup 
 +  * Know the different boot loader install locations on a hard disk or removable device 
 +  * Overwriting standard boot loader options and using boot loader shells  
 +  * Use systemd rescue and emergency modes.
  
-* grub shell +==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-* boot loader start and hand off to kernel +  ​* mount 
- +  * fsck 
-* kernel loading +  * inittab, telinit and init with SysV init 
- +  * The contents of /boot//boot/grub/ and /boot/efi
-* hardware initialisation and setup +  * EFI System Partition (ESP) 
- +  * GRUB 
-* daemon/​service initialisation and setup +  * grub-install 
- +  * efibootmgr 
-* Know the different boot loader install locations on a hard disk or removable device +  * UEFI shell 
- +  ​* initrd, initramfs 
-* Overwriting standard boot loader options and using boot loader shells  +  * Master boot record 
- +  * systemctl
-* Awareness of UEFI +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* mount +
- +
-* fsck +
- +
-* inittab, telinit and init with SysV init +
- +
-* The contents of /​boot/ ​and /​boot/​grub/​ +
- +
-* GRUB +
- +
-* grub-install +
- +
-* initrd, initramfs +
- +
-* Master boot record+
  
 +==Beispiele==
  
 +  * [[initrd]]
 +  * [[lpi1:​bootloader]]
 +  * [[Kernel Cmdline Parameters]]
 +  * [[efibootmgr]]
 +  * [[UEFI shell]]
 ==== 202.3 Alternate Bootloaders (weight: 2) ==== ==== 202.3 Alternate Bootloaders (weight: 2) ====
  
 Candidates should be aware of other bootloaders and their major features. Candidates should be aware of other bootloaders and their major features.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​ +==Key Knowledge Areas==
- +
-* LILO +
- +
-* SYSLINUX, ISOLINUX, PXELINUX +
- +
-* Understanding of PXE +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* lilo, /​etc/​lilo.conf +
- +
-* syslinux +
- +
-* extlinux +
- +
-* isolinux.bin+
  
-isolinux.cfg+  ​SYSLINUX, ISOLINUX, PXELINUX 
 +  * Understanding of PXE for both BIOS and UEFI 
 +  * Awareness of systemd-boot and U-Boot
  
-* pxelinux.0+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-* pxelinux.cfg/​*+  * syslinux 
 +  * extlinux 
 +  * isolinux.bin 
 +  * isolinux.cfg 
 +  * isohdpfx.bin 
 +  * efiboot.img 
 +  * pxelinux.0 
 +  ​* pxelinux.cfg/​* 
 +  * uefi/​shim.efi 
 +  * uefi/​grubx64.efi
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[pxe-bootserver]]
 +  * [[shim.efi]]
  
 ===== Topic 203: Filesystem and Devices ===== ===== Topic 203: Filesystem and Devices =====
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 Candidates should be able to properly configure and navigate the standard Linux filesystem. This objective includes configuring and mounting various filesystem types. Candidates should be able to properly configure and navigate the standard Linux filesystem. This objective includes configuring and mounting various filesystem types.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* The concept of the fstab configuration+  ​* The concept of the fstab configuration 
 +  * Tools and utilities for handling SWAP partitions and files 
 +  * Use of UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems 
 +  * Understanding of systemd mount units
  
-* Tools and utilities ​for handling SWAP partitions and files+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-* Use of UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems +  ​* /​etc/​fstab 
- +  * /etc/mtab 
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +  * /​proc/​mounts 
- +  * mount and umount 
-* /​etc/​fstab +  * blkid 
- +  * sync 
-* /etc/mtab +  * swapon 
- +  * swapoff ​
-* /​proc/​mounts +
- +
-* mount and umount +
- +
-* blkid +
- +
-* sync +
- +
-* swapon +
- +
-* swapoff ​+
  
 +==Beispiele==
  
 +  * [[mount und fstab]]
 ==== 203.2 Maintaining a Linux filesystem (weight: 3) ==== ==== 203.2 Maintaining a Linux filesystem (weight: 3) ====
  
 Candidates should be able to properly maintain a Linux filesystem using system utilities. This objective includes manipulating standard filesystems and monitoring SMART devices. Candidates should be able to properly maintain a Linux filesystem using system utilities. This objective includes manipulating standard filesystems and monitoring SMART devices.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Tools and utilities to manipulate and ext2, ext3 and ext4+  ​* Tools and utilities to manipulate and ext2, ext3 and ext4 
 +  * Tools and utilities to perform basic Btrfs operations, including subvolumes and snapshots 
 +  * Tools and utilities to manipulate XFS  
 +  * Awareness of ZFS
  
-* Tools and utilities ​to manipulate xfs +==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-Awareness of Btrfs +  ​mkfs (mkfs.*) 
- +  * mkswap 
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +  fsck (fsck.*) 
- +  tune2fs, ​dumpe2fs ​and debugfs 
-* fsck (fsck.*) +  btrfs, btrfs-convert 
- +  * xfs_info, xfs_check, xfs_repair, xfsdump ​and xfsrestore 
-mkfs (mkfs.*) +  * smartd, smartctl
- +
-* dumpe2fs, xfsdump, xfsrestore +
- +
-debugfs +
- +
-tune2fs +
- +
-* mkswap +
- +
-* xfs_info, xfs_check and xfs_repair  +
- +
-* smartd, smartctl+
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[xfs]]
 +  * [[ext]]
 +  * [[lpi1:​debugfs]]
 +  * [[smart]]
 +  * [[btrfs]] [[admin_grundlagen:​btrfs]]
  
 ==== 203.3 Creating and configuring filesystem options (weight: 2) ==== ==== 203.3 Creating and configuring filesystem options (weight: 2) ====
Zeile 328: Zeile 326:
 Candidates should be able to configure automount filesystems using AutoFS. This objective includes configuring automount for network and device filesystems. Also included is creating filesystems for devices such as CD-ROMs and a basic feature knowledge of encrypted filesystems. Candidates should be able to configure automount filesystems using AutoFS. This objective includes configuring automount for network and device filesystems. Also included is creating filesystems for devices such as CD-ROMs and a basic feature knowledge of encrypted filesystems.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* autofs configuration files+  ​* autofs configuration files 
 +  * Understanding of automount units 
 +  * UDF and ISO9660 tools and utilities 
 +  * awareness of CD-ROM filesystems (HFS) 
 +  * awareness of CD-ROM filesystem extensions (Joliet, Rock Ridge, El Torito)  
 +  * Basic feature knowledge of data encryption (dm-crypt / LUKS)
  
-* UDF and ISO9660 tools and utilities+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-awareness of CD-ROM filesystems (UDF, ISO9660, HFS)+  ​/​etc/​auto.master 
 +  * /​etc/​auto.[dir] 
 +  * mkisofs 
 +  * cryptsetup
  
-* awareness of CD-ROM filesystem extensions (Joliet, Rock Ridge, El Torito)  +==Beispiele==
- +
-* basic feature knowledge of encrypted filesystems +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* /​etc/​auto.master +
- +
-* /​etc/​auto.[dir] +
- +
-* mkisofs+
  
 +  * [[autofs]]
 +  * [[systemd-automount]]
 +  * [[mkisofs]]
 +  * [[ecryptfs]]
 +  * [[cryptsetup-luks]]
  
 ===== Topic 204: Advanced Storage Device Administration ===== ===== Topic 204: Advanced Storage Device Administration =====
Zeile 355: Zeile 356:
 Candidates should be able to configure and implement software RAID. This objective includes using and configuring RAID 0, 1 and 5. Candidates should be able to configure and implement software RAID. This objective includes using and configuring RAID 0, 1 and 5.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Software RAID configuration files and utilities ​+  ​* Software RAID configuration files and utilities ​
  
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-* mdadm.conf +  ​* mdadm.conf 
- +  * mdadm 
-* mdadm +  * /​proc/​mdstat 
- +  * partition type 0xFD 
-* /​proc/​mdstat +
- +
-* partition type 0xFD +
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[raid]]
  
 ==== 204.2 Adjusting Storage Device Access (weight: 2) ==== ==== 204.2 Adjusting Storage Device Access (weight: 2) ====
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 Candidates should be able to configure kernel options to support various drives. This objective includes software tools to view & modify hard disk settings including iSCSI devices. Candidates should be able to configure kernel options to support various drives. This objective includes software tools to view & modify hard disk settings including iSCSI devices.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​ +==Key Knowledge Areas==
- +
-* Tools and utilities to configure DMA for IDE devices including ATAPI and SATA +
- +
-* Tools and utilities to manipulate or analyse system resources (e.g. interrupts) +
- +
-* Awareness of sdparm command and its uses  +
- +
-* Tools and utilities for iSCSI +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* hdparm, sdparm +
- +
-* tune2fs +
- +
-* sysctl+
  
-/dev/hd*, /dev/sd+  ​Tools and utilities to configure DMA for IDE devices including ATAPI and SATA 
 +  ​Tools and utilities to configure Solid State Drives including AHCI and NVMe  
 +  ​Tools and utilities to manipulate or analyse system resources (e.g. interrupts) 
 +  * Awareness of sdparm command and its uses  
 +  * Tools and utilities for iSCSI 
 +  * Awareness of SAN, including relevant protocols (AoE, FCoE)
  
-* iscsiadmscsi_id, iscsid ​and iscsid.conf+==The following is a partial list of the used filesterms and utilities==
  
-* WWID, WWN, LUN numbers+  * hdparm, sdparm 
 +  * nvme 
 +  * tune2fs 
 +  * fstrim 
 +  * sysctl 
 +  * /dev/hd*, /dev/sd*, /​dev/​nvme* 
 +  * iscsiadm, scsi_id, iscsid and iscsid.conf 
 +  ​* WWID, WWN, LUN numbers
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[hdparm]]
 +  * [[SSD]]
 +  * [[iscsi]]
 +  * [[nvme]]
 +  * [[WP>​WWID]]
 ==== 204.3 Logical Volume Manager (weight: 3) ==== ==== 204.3 Logical Volume Manager (weight: 3) ====
  
 Candidates should be able to create and remove logical volumes, volume groups, and physical volumes. This objective includes snapshots and resizing logical volumes. Candidates should be able to create and remove logical volumes, volume groups, and physical volumes. This objective includes snapshots and resizing logical volumes.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Tools in the LVM suite+  ​* Tools in the LVM suite 
 +  * Resizing, renaming, creating, and removing logical volumes, volume groups, and physical volumes 
 +  * Creating and maintaining snapshots 
 +  * Activating volume groups ​
  
-* Resizing, renaming, creating, and removing logical volumes, volume groups, and physical volumes+==The following is a partial list of the used filesterms and utilities==
  
-* Creating and maintaining snapshots +  ​* /sbin/pv* 
- +  * /sbin/lv* 
-* Activating volume groups  +  * /sbin/vg* 
- +  * mount 
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +  * /​dev/​mapper/ ​ 
- +  * lvm.conf
-* /sbin/pv* +
- +
-* /sbin/lv* +
- +
-* /sbin/vg* +
- +
-* mount +
- +
-* /​dev/​mapper/ ​+
  
 +==Beispiele==
  
 +  * [[lpi1:​lvm]]
 ===== Topic 205: Networking Configuration ===== ===== Topic 205: Networking Configuration =====
  
Zeile 431: Zeile 429:
 Candidates should be able to configure a network device to be able to connect to a local, wired or wireless, and a wide-area network. This objective includes being able to communicate between various subnets within a single network including both IPv4 and IPv6 networks. Candidates should be able to configure a network device to be able to connect to a local, wired or wireless, and a wide-area network. This objective includes being able to communicate between various subnets within a single network including both IPv4 and IPv6 networks.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces+  ​* Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces 
 +  * Configuring basic access to wireless networks with iw, iwconfig and iwlist
  
-* Configuring basic access to wireless networks with iwiwconfig ​and iwlist+==The following is a partial list of the used filesterms and utilities==
  
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +  ​ip 
- +  * ifconfig 
-/​sbin/​route +  route 
- +  * arp 
-/sbin/ifconfig +  * iw 
- +  * iwconfig 
-/sbin/ip +  * iwlist
- +
-/usr/sbin/arp +
- +
-/sbin/iwconfig +
- +
-/sbin/iwlist+
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[lpi1:​netzwerk]]
 +  * [[lpi2:​ipv6]]
 +  * [[three-subnets]]
 +  * [[wlan]]
  
 ==== 205.2 Advanced Network Configuration (weight: 4) ==== ==== 205.2 Advanced Network Configuration (weight: 4) ====
Zeile 456: Zeile 454:
 Candidates should be able to configure a network device to implement various network authentication schemes. This objective includes configuring a multi-homed network device and resolving communication problems. Candidates should be able to configure a network device to implement various network authentication schemes. This objective includes configuring a multi-homed network device and resolving communication problems.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Utilities to manipulate routing tables+  ​* Utilities to manipulate routing tables 
 +  * Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces 
 +  * Utilities to analyse the status of the network devices 
 +  * Utilities to monitor and analyse the TCP/IP traffic
  
-* Utilities to configure ​and manipulate ethernet network interfaces+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-Utilities to analyse the status of the network devices +  ​ip 
- +  ifconfig 
-Utilities to monitor and analyse the TCP/IP traffic +  * route 
- +  * arp 
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +  ss 
- +  * netstat 
-/sbin/route +  * lsof 
- +  * ping, ping6 
-/​sbin/​ifconfig +  nc 
- +  * tcpdump 
-/bin/netstat +  nmap
- +
-/bin/ping +
- +
-/​usr/​sbin/​arp +
- +
-/usr/sbin/tcpdump +
- +
-/​usr/​sbin/​lsof +
- +
-* /​usr/​bin/​nc +
- +
-* /sbin/ip+
  
-nmap+==Beispiele== 
 +  ​[[tcpdump]] 
 +  * [[netstat|netstat / ss]]
  
  
Zeile 493: Zeile 484:
 Candidates should be able to identify and correct common network setup issues, to include knowledge of locations for basic configuration files and commands. Candidates should be able to identify and correct common network setup issues, to include knowledge of locations for basic configuration files and commands.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Location and content of access restriction files+  ​* Location and content of access restriction files 
 +  * Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces 
 +  * Utilities to manage routing tables 
 +  * Utilities to list network states. 
 +  * Utilities to gain information about the network configuration 
 +  * Methods of information about the recognised and used hardware devices 
 +  * System initialisation files and their contents (Systemd and SysV init) 
 +  * Awareness of NetworkManager and its impact on network configuration
  
-* Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces +==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
- +
-* Utilities to manage routing tables +
- +
-* Utilities to list network states. +
- +
-* Utilities to gain information about the network configuration +
- +
-* Methods of information about the recognised and used hardware devices +
- +
-* System initialisation files and their contents (SysV init process) +
- +
-* Awareness of NetworkManager and its impact on network configuration +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* /​sbin/​ifconfig +
- +
-* /​sbin/​route +
- +
-* /​bin/​netstat +
- +
-* /​etc/​network,​ /​etc/​sysconfig/​network-scripts/​ +
- +
-* System log files such as /​var/​log/​syslog & /​var/​log/​messages +
- +
-* /bin/ping +
- +
-* /​etc/​resolv.conf +
- +
-* /​etc/​hosts +
- +
-* /​etc/​hostname,​ /​etc/​HOSTNAME +
- +
-* /​bin/​hostname +
- +
-* /​usr/​sbin/​traceroute +
- +
-* /​bin/​dmesg +
- +
-* /​etc/​hosts.allow,​ /​etc/​hosts.deny+
  
 +  * ip
 +  * ifconfig
 +  * route
 +  * ss
 +  * netstat
 +  * /​etc/​network/,​ /​etc/​sysconfig/​network-scripts/​
 +  * ping, ping6
 +  * traceroute, traceroute6
 +  * mtr
 +  * hostname
 +  * System log files such as /​var/​log/​syslog,​ /​var/​log/​messages and the systemd journal
 +  * dmesg
 +  * /​etc/​resolv.conf
 +  * /etc/hosts
 +  * /​etc/​hostname,​ /​etc/​HOSTNAME
 +  * /​etc/​hosts.allow,​ /​etc/​hosts.deny
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[lpi1:​tcpwrapper]]
 +  * [[lpi2:​netstat]]
 +  * [[lpi2:​udev]]
 +  * [[lpi2:​netzwerk]]
 +  * [[lpi2:​dns]]
 ===== Topic 206: System Maintenance ===== ===== Topic 206: System Maintenance =====
  
Zeile 546: Zeile 526:
 Candidates should be able to build and install an executable program from source. This objective includes being able to unpack a file of sources. Candidates should be able to build and install an executable program from source. This objective includes being able to unpack a file of sources.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​ +==Key Knowledge Areas==
- +
-* Unpack source code using common compression and archive utilities. +
- +
-* Understand basics of invoking make to compile programs. +
- +
-* Apply parameters to a configure script. +
- +
-* Know where sources are stored by default.  +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* /usr/src/ +
- +
-* gunzip +
- +
-* gzip +
- +
-* bzip2 +
- +
-* tar +
- +
-* configure +
- +
-* make+
  
-uname+  ​Unpack source code using common compression and archive utilities. 
 +  * Understand basics of invoking make to compile programs. 
 +  * Apply parameters to a configure script. 
 +  * Know where sources are stored by default. ​
  
-* install ​+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-* patch+  * /usr/src/ 
 +  * gunzip 
 +  * gzip 
 +  * bzip2 
 +  * xz 
 +  * tar 
 +  * configure 
 +  * make 
 +  * uname 
 +  * install  
 +  ​* patch
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[Quellpakete]]
 +  * [[lpi1:​make]]
 +  * [[patch]]
 +  * [[install]]
  
 ==== 206.2 Backup operations (weight: 3) ==== ==== 206.2 Backup operations (weight: 3) ====
Zeile 583: Zeile 557:
 Candidates should be able to use system tools to back up important system data.  Candidates should be able to use system tools to back up important system data. 
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Knowledge about directories that have to be include ​in backups+  ​* Knowledge about directories that have to be included ​in backups 
 +  * Awareness of network backup solutions such as Amanda, Bacula, Bareos and BackupPC 
 +  * Knowledge of the benefits and drawbacks of tapes, CDR, disk or other backup media 
 +  * Perform partial and manual backups. 
 +  * Verify the integrity of backup files. 
 +  * Partially or fully restore backups. ​
  
-* Awareness ​of network backup solutions such as AmandaBacula ​and BackupPC+==The following is a partial list of the used filesterms and utilities==
  
-* Knowledge of the benefits and drawbacks of tapes, CDR, disk or other backup media +  ​* /bin/sh 
- +  * dd 
-* Perform partial and manual backups. +  * tar 
- +  * /dev/st* and /dev/nst* 
-* Verify the integrity of backup files. +  * mt 
- +  * rsync 
-* Partially or fully restore backups.  +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* /bin/sh +
- +
-* dd +
- +
-* tar +
- +
-* /dev/st* and /dev/nst* +
- +
-* mt +
- +
-* rsync +
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[tar]]
 +  * [[rsync]]
  
 ==== 206.3 Notify users on system-related issues (weight: 1) ==== ==== 206.3 Notify users on system-related issues (weight: 1) ====
Zeile 616: Zeile 583:
 Candidates should be able to notify the users about current issues related to the system. ​ Candidates should be able to notify the users about current issues related to the system. ​
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Automate communication with users through logon messages.+  ​* Automate communication with users through logon messages. 
 +  * Inform active users of system maintenance ​
  
-* Inform active users of system maintenance ​+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +  ​* /​etc/​issue 
- +  * /​etc/​issue.net 
-* /​etc/​issue +  * /etc/motd 
- +  * wall 
-* /​etc/​issue.net +  * /​sbin/​shutdown ​ 
- +  * systemctl
-* /etc/motd +
- +
-* wall +
- +
-* /​sbin/​shutdown ​+
  
  
Zeile 642: Zeile 605:
 ==== 207.1 Basic DNS server configuration (weight: 3) ==== ==== 207.1 Basic DNS server configuration (weight: 3) ====
  
-Candidates should be able to configure BIND to function as a caching-only DNS server. This objective includes the ability to managing ​a running server and configuring logging.+Candidates should be able to configure BIND to function ​as an authoritative and as a recursive, ​caching-only DNS server. This objective includes the ability to manage ​a running server and configuring logging. ​
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* BIND 9.x configuration files, terms and utilities+  ​* BIND 9.x configuration files, terms and utilities 
 +  * Defining the location of the BIND zone files in BIND configuration files 
 +  * Reloading modified configuration and zone files  
 +  * Awareness of dnsmasq, djbdns and PowerDNS as alternate name servers
  
-* Defining the location ​of the BIND zone files in BIND configuration ​files+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-Reloading modified configuration and zone files +  ​/​etc/​named.conf 
 +  * /​var/​named/​ 
 +  * /​usr/​sbin/​rndc 
 +  * kill  
 +  * host 
 +  * dig
  
-* Awareness of dnsmasq, djbdns and PowerDNS as alternate name servers +==Beispiele== 
- +  [[dig]] 
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +  [[bind caching only| bind als caching only Nameserver]]
- +
-/​etc/​named.conf +
- +
-/​var/​named/​* +
- +
-* /​usr/​sbin/​rndc +
- +
-* kill  +
- +
-* host +
- +
-* dig+
  
  
Zeile 673: Zeile 632:
 Candidates should be able to create a zone file for a forward or reverse zone and hints for root level servers. This objective includes setting appropriate values for records, adding hosts in zones and adding zones to the DNS. A candidate should also be able to delegate zones to another DNS server. Candidates should be able to create a zone file for a forward or reverse zone and hints for root level servers. This objective includes setting appropriate values for records, adding hosts in zones and adding zones to the DNS. A candidate should also be able to delegate zones to another DNS server.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* BIND 9 configuration files, terms and utilities+  ​* BIND 9 configuration files, terms and utilities 
 +  * Utilities to request information from the DNS server 
 +  * Layout, content and file location of the BIND zone files 
 +  * Various methods to add a new host in the zone files, including reverse zones 
  
-* Utilities to request information from the DNS server+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-Layout, content and file location of the BIND zone files+  * /​var/​named/​ 
 +  ​* zone file syntax 
 +  * resource record formats 
 +  * dig 
 +  * nslookup 
 +  * host 
  
-* Various methods to add a new host in the zone files, including reverse zones  
- 
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ 
- 
-* /​var/​named/​* 
- 
-* zone file syntax 
- 
-* resource record formats 
- 
-* dig 
- 
-* nslookup 
- 
-* host  
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[wpde>​Zonendatei]]
 +  * [[bind|Nameserver bind]]
  
 ==== 207.3 Securing a DNS server (weight: 2) ==== ==== 207.3 Securing a DNS server (weight: 2) ====
Zeile 702: Zeile 657:
 Candidates should be able to configure a DNS server to run as a non-root user and run in a chroot jail. This objective includes secure exchange of data between DNS servers. Candidates should be able to configure a DNS server to run as a non-root user and run in a chroot jail. This objective includes secure exchange of data between DNS servers.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​ +==Key Knowledge Areas==
- +
-* BIND 9 configuration files +
- +
-* Configuring BIND to run in a chroot jail +
- +
-* Split configuration of BIND using the forwarders statement  +
- +
-* Configuring and using transaction signatures (TSIG) +
- +
-* Awareness of DNSSEC and basic tools +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* /​etc/​named.conf +
- +
-* /etc/passwd+
  
-* DNSSEC+  ​BIND 9 configuration files 
 +  * Configuring BIND to run in a chroot jail 
 +  * Split configuration of BIND using the forwarders statement  
 +  * Configuring and using transaction signatures (TSIG) 
 +  * Awareness of DNSSEC ​and basic tools 
 +  * Awareness of DANE and related records
  
-* dnssec-keygen ​+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-* dnssec-signzone+  * /​etc/​named.conf 
 +  * /​etc/​passwd 
 +  * DNSSEC 
 +  * dnssec-keygen  
 +  ​* dnssec-signzone
  
  
-===== Topic 208: Web Services =====+==Beispiele== 
 +  * [[bind absichern]] 
 +  * [[bind-TSIG]] 
 +  * [[bind-dnssec]] 
 +===== Topic 208: HTTP Services =====
  
 ==== 208.1 Basic Apache configuration (weight: 4) ==== ==== 208.1 Basic Apache configuration (weight: 4) ====
Zeile 733: Zeile 685:
 Candidates should be able to install and configure a web server. This objective includes monitoring the server'​s load and performance,​ restricting client user access, configuring support for scripting languages as modules and setting up client user authentication. Also included is configuring server options to restrict usage of resources. Candidates should be able to configure a web server to use virtual hosts and customise file access. ​ Candidates should be able to install and configure a web server. This objective includes monitoring the server'​s load and performance,​ restricting client user access, configuring support for scripting languages as modules and setting up client user authentication. Also included is configuring server options to restrict usage of resources. Candidates should be able to configure a web server to use virtual hosts and customise file access. ​
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Apache 2.configuration files, terms and utilities+  ​* Apache 2.configuration files, terms and utilities 
 +  * Apache log files configuration and content 
 +  * Access restriction methods and files 
 +  * mod_perl and PHP configuration 
 +  * Client user authentication files and utilities 
 +  * Configuration of maximum requests, minimum and maximum servers and clients  
 +  * Apache 2.4 virtual host implementation (with and without dedicated IP addresses) 
 +  * Using redirect statements in Apache'​s configuration files to customise file access ​
  
-* Apache log files configuration ​and content+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-Access restriction methods ​and files+  ​access logs and error logs 
 +  * .htaccess 
 +  * httpd.conf 
 +  * mod_auth_basic,​ mod_authz_host and mod_access_compat 
 +  * htpasswd 
 +  * AuthUserFile,​ AuthGroupFile 
 +  * apachectl, apache2ctl 
 +  * httpd, apache2 ​
  
-* mod_perl and PHP configuration +==Beispiele== 
- +  [[apache]] 
-Client user authentication files and utilities +  [[apache_zugriffskontrolle|Apache ​Zugriffskontrolle]] 
- +  [[Apache ​Aufbau Konfigurationsdatei]] 
-* Configuration of maximum requests, minimum and maximum servers and clients  +  [[apache-virtual-hosts]] 
- +  [[apache-redirect]] 
-* Apache ​2.x virtual host implementation (with and without dedicated IP addresses) +  [[apache_module|Apache Module]] 
- +  [[apache-php]]
-Using redirect statements in Apache's configuration files to customise file access  +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-access logs and error logs +
- +
-.htaccess +
- +
-httpd.conf +
- +
-* mod_auth +
- +
-* htpasswd +
- +
-* AuthUserFile,​ AuthGroupFile +
- +
-* apache2ctl +
- +
-httpd +
  
 +  * https://​wiki.debian.org/​Apache/​Hardening
  
 ==== 208.2 Apache configuration for HTTPS (weight: 3) ==== ==== 208.2 Apache configuration for HTTPS (weight: 3) ====
Zeile 774: Zeile 722:
 Candidates should be able to configure a web server to provide HTTPS. ​ Candidates should be able to configure a web server to provide HTTPS. ​
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* SSL configuration files, tools and utilities+  ​* SSL configuration files, tools and utilities 
 +  * Generate a server private key and CSR for a commercial CA 
 +  * Generate a self-signed Certificate from private CA 
 +  * Install the key and Certificate,​ including intermediate CAs 
 +  * Awareness of the issues with Virtual Hosting and use of SSL 
 +  * Security issues in SSL use, disable insecure protocols and ciphers
  
-* Ability to generate ​server private key and CSR for a commercial CA+==The following is partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-Ability to generate a self-signed Certificate from private ​CA+  ​Apache2 configuration files 
 +  * /etc/ssl/, /etc/pki/ 
 +  * openssl, ​CA.pl 
 +  * SSLEngine, SSLCertificateKeyFile,​ SSLCertificateFile 
 +  * SSLCACertificateFile,​ SSLCACertificatePath 
 +  * SSLProtocol,​ SSLCipherSuite,​ ServerTokens,​ ServerSignature,​ TraceEnable
  
-* Ability to install the key and Certificate +==Beispiele==
- +
-* Awareness of the issues with Virtual Hosting and use of SSL +
- +
-* Security issues in SSL use +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* Apache2 configuration files +
- +
-* /etc/ssl/*, /​etc/​pki/​* +
- +
-* openssl, CA.pl +
- +
-* SSLEngine, SSLCertificateKeyFile,​ SSLCertificateFile,​ SSLCertificateChainFile +
- +
-* SSLCACertificateFile,​ SSLCACertificatePath +
- +
-* SSLProtocol,​ SSLCipherSuite,​ ServerTokens,​ ServerSignature,​ TraceEnable+
  
 +  * [[lpi2:​ssl]]
 +  * [[lpi2:​apache-ssl]]
  
 ==== 208.3 Implementing Squid as a caching proxy (weight: 2) ==== ==== 208.3 Implementing Squid as a caching proxy (weight: 2) ====
Zeile 807: Zeile 749:
 Candidates should be able to install and configure a proxy server, including access policies, authentication and resource usage. Candidates should be able to install and configure a proxy server, including access policies, authentication and resource usage.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Squid 3.x configuration files, terms and utilities+  ​* Squid 3.x configuration files, terms and utilities 
 +  * Access restriction methods 
 +  * Client user authentication methods 
 +  * Layout and content of ACL in the Squid configuration files 
  
-* Access restriction methods +==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
- +
-* Client user authentication methods +
- +
-* Layout and content of ACL in the Squid configuration files  +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* squid.conf +
- +
-* acl +
- +
-* http_access ​+
  
 +  * squid.conf
 +  * acl
 +  * http_access ​
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[squid]]
 ==== 208.4 Implementing Nginx as a web server and a reverse proxy (weight: 2) ==== ==== 208.4 Implementing Nginx as a web server and a reverse proxy (weight: 2) ====
  
 Candidates should be able to install and configure a reverse proxy server, Nginx. ​ Basic configuration of Nginx as a HTTP server is included. ​ Candidates should be able to install and configure a reverse proxy server, Nginx. ​ Basic configuration of Nginx as a HTTP server is included. ​
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Nginx+  ​* Nginx 
 +  * Reverse Proxy 
 +  * Basic Web Server
  
-* Reverse Proxy+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-* Basic Web Server +  ​* /​etc/​nginx/​ 
- +  * nginx
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* /​etc/​nginx/​ +
- +
-* nginx+
  
 +==Beispiele==
  
 +  * [[nginx]]
 ===== Topic 209: File Sharing ===== ===== Topic 209: File Sharing =====
  
 ==== 209.1 Samba Server Configuration (weight: 5) ==== ==== 209.1 Samba Server Configuration (weight: 5) ====
  
-Candidates should be able to set up a SAMBA server for various clients. This objective includes setting up Samba for login clients and setting up the workgroup in which a server ​participates ​and defining shared directories and printers. Also covered is a configuring a Linux client to use a Samba server. Troubleshooting installations is also tested. ​ +Candidates should be able to set up a SAMBA server for various clients. This objective includes setting up Samba as standalone ​server ​as well as integrating Samba as a member in an Active Directory. Furthermore,​ the configuration of simple CIFS and printer shares is covered. Also covered is a configuring a Linux client to use a Samba server. Troubleshooting installations is also tested. ​ 
- +
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​ +
- +
-* Samba version 3 documentation +
- +
-* Samba configuration files +
- +
-* Samba tools and utilities +
- +
-* Mounting Samba shares on Linux +
- +
-* Samba daemons +
- +
-* Mapping Windows user names to Linux user names +
- +
-* User-Level and Share-Level security  +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* smbd, nmbd +
- +
-* smbstatus, testparm, smbpasswd, nmblookup+
  
-* smbclient+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-net+  ​Samba 4 documentation 
 +  * Samba 4 configuration files 
 +  * Samba 4 tools and utilities 
 +  * Mounting CIFS shares on Linux 
 +  * Mapping Windows user names to Linux user names 
 +  * User-Level and Share-Level security and AD scurity ​
  
-* /etc/smb/*+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-* /​var/​log/​samba/ ​+  * smbd, nmbd, winbindd 
 +  * smbcontrol, smbstatus, testparm, smbpasswd, nmblookup 
 +  * samba-tool 
 +  * net 
 +  * smbclient 
 +  * mount.cifs 
 +  * /​etc/​samba/​ 
 +  ​* /​var/​log/​samba/ ​
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[samba]]
 +  * [[samba-pdc]]
 +  * [[admin_grundlagen:​samba-cups]]
 +  * [[samba-ad]]
 +  * [[samba-ad-member]]
  
 ==== 209.2 NFS Server Configuration (weight: 3) ==== ==== 209.2 NFS Server Configuration (weight: 3) ====
Zeile 886: Zeile 819:
 Candidates should be able to export filesystems using NFS. This objective includes access restrictions,​ mounting an NFS filesystem on a client and securing NFS. Candidates should be able to export filesystems using NFS. This objective includes access restrictions,​ mounting an NFS filesystem on a client and securing NFS.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* NFS version 3 configuration files+  ​* NFS version 3 configuration files 
 +  * NFS tools and utilities 
 +  * Access restrictions to certain hosts and/or subnets 
 +  * Mount options on server and client 
 +  * TCP Wrappers  
 +  * Awareness of NFSv4
  
-* NFS tools and utilities+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-* Access restrictions to certain hosts and/or subnets +  ​* /​etc/​exports 
- +  * exportfs 
-* Mount options on server and client +  * showmount 
- +  * nfsstat 
-* TCP Wrappers  +  * /​proc/​mounts 
- +  * /​etc/​fstab 
-* Awareness of NFSv4 +  * rpcinfo 
- +  * mountd 
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +  * portmapper
- +
-* /​etc/​exports +
- +
-* exportfs +
- +
-* showmount +
- +
-* nfsstat +
- +
-* /​proc/​mounts +
- +
-* /​etc/​fstab +
- +
-* rpcinfo +
- +
-* mountd +
- +
-* portmapper+
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[lpi1:​tcpwrapper]]
 +  * [[lpi1:​nfs|NFS v3 Server]]
 +  * [[lpi2:​nfs4|NFS v4 Server]]
  
 ===== Topic 210: Network Client Management ===== ===== Topic 210: Network Client Management =====
Zeile 927: Zeile 851:
 Candidates should be able to configure a DHCP server. This objective includes setting default and per client options, adding static hosts and BOOTP hosts. Also included is configuring a DHCP relay agent and maintaining the DHCP server. Candidates should be able to configure a DHCP server. This objective includes setting default and per client options, adding static hosts and BOOTP hosts. Also included is configuring a DHCP relay agent and maintaining the DHCP server.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* DHCP configuration files, terms and utilities+  ​* DHCP configuration files, terms and utilities 
 +  * Subnet and dynamically-allocated range setup  
 +  *  Awareness of DHCPv6 and IPv6 Router Advertisements
  
-* Subnet and dynamically-allocated range setup  +==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* dhcpd.conf +
- +
-* dhcpd.leases +
- +
-* /​var/​log/​daemon.log and /​var/​log/​messages +
- +
-* arp +
- +
-* dhcpd +
  
 +  * dhcpd.conf
 +  * dhcpd.leases
 +  * DHCP Log messages in syslog or systemd journal
 +  * arp
 +  * dhcpd
 +  * radvd
 +  * radvd.conf ​
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[dhcp]]
 +  * [[dhcp-relay]]
 +  * [[radvd]]
 +  * [[dhcp6]]
 ==== 210.2 PAM authentication (weight: 3) ==== ==== 210.2 PAM authentication (weight: 3) ====
  
-The candidate should be able to configure PAM to support authentication using various available methods. ​+The candidate should be able to configure PAM to support authentication using various available methods. This includes basic SSSD functionality
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* PAM configuration files, terms and utilities+  ​* PAM configuration files, terms and utilities 
 +  * passwd and shadow passwords 
 +  * Use sssd for LDAP authentication ​
  
-* passwd ​and shadow passwords ​+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +  ​* /etc/pam.d/ 
- +  * pam.conf 
-* /​etc/​pam.d +  * nsswitch.conf 
- +  * pam_unix, pam_cracklib,​ pam_limits, pam_listfile, pam_sss 
-* pam.conf +  * sssd.conf ​
- +
-* nsswitch.conf +
- +
-* pam_unix, pam_cracklib,​ pam_limits, pam_listfile ​+
  
 +==Beispiele==
  
 +  * [[pam]]
 ==== 210.3 LDAP client usage (weight: 2) ==== ==== 210.3 LDAP client usage (weight: 2) ====
  
 Candidates should be able to perform queries and updates to an LDAP server. Also included is importing and adding items, as well as adding and managing users. Candidates should be able to perform queries and updates to an LDAP server. Also included is importing and adding items, as well as adding and managing users.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* LDAP utilities for data management and queries+  ​* LDAP utilities for data management and queries 
 +  * Change user passwords 
 +  * Querying the LDAP directory ​
  
-* Change user passwords+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-* Querying the LDAP directory  +  ​* ldapsearch 
- +  * ldappasswd 
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +  * ldapadd 
- +  * ldapdelete ​
-* ldapsearch +
- +
-* ldappasswd +
- +
-* ldapadd +
- +
-* ldapdelete ​+
  
  
 ==== 210.4 Configuring an OpenLDAP server (weight: 4) ==== ==== 210.4 Configuring an OpenLDAP server (weight: 4) ====
  
-Candidates should be able to configure a basic OpenLDAP server including knowledge of LDIF format and essential access controls. An understanding of the role of SSSD in authentication and identity management is included.+Candidates should be able to configure a basic OpenLDAP server including knowledge of LDIF format and essential access controls.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* OpenLDAP+  ​* OpenLDAP 
 +  * Directory based access 
 +  * Access Control 
 +  * Distinguished Names 
 +  * Changetype Operations 
 +  * Schemas and Whitepages 
 +  * Directories 
 +  * Object IDs, Attributes and Classes
  
-* Access Control+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-* Distinguished Names +  ​* slapd 
- +  * slapd.conf 
-* Changetype Operations +  * LDIF 
- +  * slapadd 
-* Schemas and Whitepages +  * slapcat 
- +  * slapindex 
-* Directories +  * /​var/​lib/​ldap/​  
- +  * loglevel
-* Object IDs, Attributes and Classes +
- +
-* Awareness of System Security Services Daemon (SSSD) +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* slapd +
- +
-* slapd.conf +
- +
-* LDIF +
- +
-* slapadd +
- +
-* slapcat +
- +
-* slapindex +
- +
-* /​var/​lib/​ldap/​*  +
- +
-* loglevel+
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[ldap | OpenLDAP Grundinstallation]]
 +  * [[ldap-config]]
 +  * [[ldap-user | Linux mit LDAP als Benutzerdatenbank]]
 +  * [[nss-ldap]]
 +  * [[pam-ldap]]
 +  * [[ldap-ssl]]
 +  * [[sssd-ldap]]
  
 ===== Topic 211: E-Mail Services ===== ===== Topic 211: E-Mail Services =====
Zeile 1037: Zeile 952:
 Candidates should be able to manage an e-mail server, including the configuration of e-mail aliases, e-mail quotas and virtual e-mail domains. This objective includes configuring internal e-mail relays and monitoring e-mail servers. Candidates should be able to manage an e-mail server, including the configuration of e-mail aliases, e-mail quotas and virtual e-mail domains. This objective includes configuring internal e-mail relays and monitoring e-mail servers.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​ +==Key Knowledge Areas==
- +
-* Configuration files for postfix +
- +
-* Basic knowledge of the SMTP protocol +
- +
-* Awareness of sendmail and exim  +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* Configuration files and commands for postfix +
- +
-* /​etc/​postfix/​* +
- +
-* /​var/​spool/​postfix +
- +
-* sendmail emulation layer commands+
  
-/​etc/​aliases+  ​Configuration files for postfix 
 +  * Basic TLS configuration for postfix 
 +  * Basic knowledge of the SMTP protocol 
 +  * Awareness of sendmail and exim 
  
-* mail-related logs in /​var/​log/ ​+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
 +  * Configuration files and commands for postfix
 +  * /​etc/​postfix/​
 +  * /​var/​spool/​postfix
 +  * sendmail emulation layer commands
 +  * /​etc/​aliases
 +  * mail-related logs in /​var/​log/ ​
  
 +==Beispiel==
 +  * [[lpi1:​mail]]
 +  * [[postfix]]
 +  * [[postfix-faq]]
 +  * [[postfix-dns]]
 +  * [[postfix-virtual-domains]]
 +  * [[postfix-tls]]
 ==== 211.2 Managing Local E-Mail Delivery (weight: 2) ==== ==== 211.2 Managing Local E-Mail Delivery (weight: 2) ====
  
 Candidates should be able to implement client e-mail management software to filter, sort and monitor incoming user e-mail. ​ Candidates should be able to implement client e-mail management software to filter, sort and monitor incoming user e-mail. ​
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-procmail configuration filestools and utilities+  ​Understanding of Sieve functionalitysyntax ​and operators 
 +  * Use Sieve to filter and sort mail with respect to sender, recipient(s),​ headers and size 
 +  * Awareness of procmail
  
-* Usage of procmail on both server ​and client side +==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​+  * Conditions ​and comparison operators 
 +  * keep, fileinto, redirect, reject, discard, stop 
 +  * Dovecot vacation extension
  
-~/​.procmailrc +==Beispiele== 
- +  ​[[wpde>​Sieve|Syntax Sieve Filtersprache]] 
-/​etc/​procmailrc +  [[dovecot-sieve]] 
- +  [[procmail]] 
-* procmail +==== 211.3 Managing ​Mailbox Access ​(weight: 2) ====
- +
-* mbox and Maildir formats  +
- +
- +
-==== 211.3 Managing ​Remote E-Mail Delivery ​(weight: 2) ====+
  
 Candidates should be able to install and configure POP and IMAP daemons. ​ Candidates should be able to install and configure POP and IMAP daemons. ​
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-Courier ​IMAP and Courier POP configuration+  ​Dovecot ​IMAP and POP3 configuration ​and administration 
 +  * Basic TLS configuration for Dovecot 
 +  * Awareness of Courier
  
-* Dovecot configuration  +==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* /​etc/​courier/​* +
- +
-* dovecot.conf ​+
  
 +  * /​etc/​dovecot/​
 +  * dovecot.conf
 +  * doveconf
 +  * doveadm
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[https://​wiki2.dovecot.org/​ConfigFile|Syntax der Dovecot Konfigurationsdatei]]
 +  * [[dovecot-imapd]]
 +  * [[dovecot-ssl]]
 +  * [[dovecot-virtual-domains]]
 +  * [[postfix-dovecot-imapd]]
 +  * [[courier-imapd]]
 ===== Topic 212: System Security ===== ===== Topic 212: System Security =====
  
Zeile 1104: Zeile 1025:
 Candidates should be able to configure a system to perform network address translation (NAT, IP masquerading) and state its significance in protecting a network. This objective includes configuring port redirection,​ managing filter rules and averting attacks. Candidates should be able to configure a system to perform network address translation (NAT, IP masquerading) and state its significance in protecting a network. This objective includes configuring port redirection,​ managing filter rules and averting attacks.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* iptables configuration files, tools and utilities+  ​* iptables ​and ip6tables ​configuration files, tools and utilities 
 +  * Tools, commands and utilities to manage routing tables. 
 +  * Private address ranges (IPv4) and Unique Local Addresses as well as Link Local Addresses (IPv6) 
 +  * Port redirection and IP forwarding 
 +  * List and write filtering and rules that accept or block datagrams based on source or destination protocol, port and address 
 +  * Save and reload filtering configurations ​
  
-* Tools, commands and utilities to manage routing tables. +==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
- +
-* Private address ranges +
- +
-* Port redirection and IP forwarding +
- +
-* List and write filtering and rules that accept or block datagrams based on source or destination protocol, port and address +
- +
-* Save and reload filtering configurations  +
- +
-* Awareness of ip6tables and filtering +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* /​proc/​sys/​net/​ipv4 +
- +
-* /​etc/​services +
- +
-* iptables ​+
  
 +  * /​proc/​sys/​net/​ipv4
 +  * /​proc/​sys/​net/​ipv6/​
 +  * /​etc/​services
 +  * iptables
 +  * ip6tables ​
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[iptables]]
 +  * [[ip6tables]]
 ==== 212.2 Managing FTP servers (weight: 2) ==== ==== 212.2 Managing FTP servers (weight: 2) ====
  
 Candidates should be able to configure an FTP server for anonymous downloads and uploads. This objective includes precautions to be taken if anonymous uploads are permitted and configuring user access. Candidates should be able to configure an FTP server for anonymous downloads and uploads. This objective includes precautions to be taken if anonymous uploads are permitted and configuring user access.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Configuration files, tools and utilities for Pure-FTPd and vsftpd+  ​* Configuration files, tools and utilities for Pure-FTPd and vsftpd 
 +  * Awareness of ProFTPd 
 +  * Understanding of passive vs. active FTP connections ​
  
-* Awareness of ProFTPd +==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
- +
-* Understanding of passive vs. active FTP connections  +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* vsftpd.conf +
- +
-* important Pure-FTPd command line options ​+
  
 +  * vsftpd.conf
 +  * important Pure-FTPd command line options ​
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[wpde>​File Transfer Protocol]]
 +  * [[FTP]]
 ==== 212.3 Secure shell (SSH) (weight: 4) ==== ==== 212.3 Secure shell (SSH) (weight: 4) ====
  
 Candidates should be able to configure and secure an SSH daemon. This objective includes managing keys and configuring SSH for users. Candidates should also be able to forward an application protocol over SSH and manage the SSH login. Candidates should be able to configure and secure an SSH daemon. This objective includes managing keys and configuring SSH for users. Candidates should also be able to forward an application protocol over SSH and manage the SSH login.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* OpenSSH configuration files, tools and utilities+  ​* OpenSSH configuration files, tools and utilities 
 +  * Login restrictions for the superuser and the normal users 
 +  * Managing and using server and client keys to login with and without password 
 +  * Usage of multiple connections from multiple hosts to guard against loss of connection to remote host following configuration changes ​
  
-* Login restrictions for the superuser and the normal users +==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
- +
-* Managing and using server and client keys to login with and without password +
- +
-* Usage of multiple connections from multiple hosts to guard against loss of connection to remote host following configuration changes  +
- +
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +
- +
-* ssh +
- +
-* sshd +
- +
-* /​etc/​ssh/​sshd_config +
- +
-* /​etc/​ssh/​* +
- +
-* Private and public key files +
- +
-* PermitRootLogin,​ PubKeyAuthentication,​ AllowUsers, PasswordAuthentication,​ Protocol ​+
  
 +  * ssh
 +  * sshd
 +  * /​etc/​ssh/​sshd_config
 +  * /etc/ssh/
 +  * Private and public key files
 +  * PermitRootLogin,​ PubKeyAuthentication,​ AllowUsers, PasswordAuthentication,​ Protocol ​
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[lpi1:​ssh]]
 ==== 212.4 Security tasks (weight: 3) ==== ==== 212.4 Security tasks (weight: 3) ====
  
 Candidates should be able to receive security alerts from various sources, install, configure and run intrusion detection systems and apply security patches and bugfixes. Candidates should be able to receive security alerts from various sources, install, configure and run intrusion detection systems and apply security patches and bugfixes.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas==
  
-* Tools and utilities to scan and test ports on a server+  ​* Tools and utilities to scan and test ports on a server 
 +  * Locations and organisations that report security alerts as Bugtraq, CERT or other sources 
 +  * Tools and utilities to implement an intrusion detection system (IDS) 
 +  * Awareness of OpenVAS and Snort
  
-* Locations ​and organisations that report security alerts as Bugtraq, CERT, CIAC or other sources+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-* Tools and utilities to implement an intrusion detection system (IDS) +  ​* telnet 
- +  * nmap 
-* Awareness of OpenVAS and Snort +  * fail2ban 
- +  * nc 
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​ +  * iptables ​
- +
-* telnet +
- +
-* nmap +
- +
-* fail2ban +
- +
-* nc +
- +
-* iptables ​+
  
 +==Beispiele==
 +  * [[fail2ban]]
 +  * [[wpde>​Bugtraq]]
 +  * [[wpde>​CERT]]
 +  * [[wp>​CIAC]] (veraltet)
  
 ==== 212.5 OpenVPN (weight: 2) ==== ==== 212.5 OpenVPN (weight: 2) ====
Zeile 1208: Zeile 1114:
 Candidates should be able to configure a VPN (Virtual Private Network) and create secure point-to-point or site-to-site connections. Candidates should be able to configure a VPN (Virtual Private Network) and create secure point-to-point or site-to-site connections.
  
-'''​Key Knowledge Areas:'''​+==Key Knowledge Areas== 
 + 
 +  * OpenVPN ​
  
-* OpenVPN ​+==The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities==
  
-'''​The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:'''​+  * /​etc/​openvpn/​* 
 +  * openvpn
  
-/etc/openvpn/*+==Beispiele== 
 +  ​[[openvpn]]
  
-* openvpn 
  
  
  
lpi2/start.txt · Zuletzt geändert: 2024/03/19 14:49 von ingo_wichmann