Hier werden die Unterschiede zwischen zwei Versionen gezeigt.
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lpi1:bind_caching_only [2018/09/10 11:08] |
lpi1:bind_caching_only [2021/12/01 09:59] (aktuell) |
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| + | ====== Benötigte Pakete ====== | ||
| + | openSuSE 15.0: ''bind bind-utils'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | Fedora 28 und CentOS 7: ''bind bind-utils caching-nameserver'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | Debian ab 3.1: ''bind9'' | ||
| + | (( zusätzlich ist ''bind9utils'' und ''bind-doc'' hilfreich )) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====== bind als caching only resolver ====== | ||
| + | Das ist die Standard-Konfiguration, die Konfigurationsdatei muß nicht angepaßt werden. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Dienst starten ===== | ||
| + | === SuSE und RedHat === | ||
| + | service named start | ||
| + | |||
| + | Dauerhaft eintragen: | ||
| + | chkconfig named on | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Debian === | ||
| + | Wird bei der Installation gestartet | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== testen ===== | ||
| + | host www.whitehouse.gov 127.0.0.1 | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Rekursive Anfrage ===== | ||
| + | dig +trace www.wupperrafting.de. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== cache leeren ===== | ||
| + | rndc flush | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Zugriffsbeschränkung ===== | ||
| + | bind beschränkt Abfragen seit Version 9.4.1 in der Voreinstellung wie folgt: | ||
| + | <file> | ||
| + | options { | ||
| + | ... | ||
| + | allow-recursion { localnets; localhost; }; | ||
| + | allow-query-cache { localnets; localhost; }; | ||
| + | ... | ||
| + | }; | ||
| + | </file> | ||
| + | Sollen auch Rechner aus anderen Subnetzen auf diesen Nameserver zugreifen können, muss man diese Einschränkungen aufweichen. Z.B.: | ||
| + | <file> | ||
| + | acl "trusted" { | ||
| + | 192.168.0.0/16; | ||
| + | 10.153.154.0/24; | ||
| + | localhost; | ||
| + | localnets; | ||
| + | }; | ||
| + | |||
| + | options { | ||
| + | ... | ||
| + | allow-query { any; }; | ||
| + | allow-recursion { trusted; }; | ||
| + | allow-query-cache { trusted; }; | ||
| + | ... | ||
| + | }; | ||
| + | </file> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====== bind als caching only forwarder ====== | ||
| + | ===== Vorbereiten ===== | ||
| + | === CentOS 5 === | ||
| + | Paket ''caching-nameserver'' deinstallieren | ||
| + | Paket ''system-config-bind'' installieren | ||
| + | Mit | ||
| + | system-config-bind | ||
| + | Default-Konfigurationsdateien erzeugen | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Forwarder eintragen ===== | ||
| + | ''/etc/named.conf'' : ( Fedora, CentOS ) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''/etc/bind/named.conf.options'' : ( Debian ) | ||
| + | <file> | ||
| + | options { | ||
| + | forwarders { 192.168.1.6; 192.168.1.4; }; | ||
| + | }; | ||
| + | </file> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''/etc/named.conf'' : ( SuSE 11.1 ) | ||
| + | <file> | ||
| + | options { | ||
| + | include "/etc/named.d/forwarders.conf"; | ||
| + | }; | ||
| + | </file> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''/etc/named.d/forwarders.conf'' : ( SuSE 11.1 ) | ||
| + | <file> | ||
| + | forwarders { 192.168.1.6; 192.168.1.4; }; | ||
| + | </file> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====== Logging ====== | ||
| + | ===== querylogging ===== | ||
| + | //Achtung: macht bind sehr langsam// | ||
| + | ==== temporär ==== | ||
| + | rndc querylog on | ||
| + | rndc status | grep "query logging" | ||
| + | tail /var/log/daemon.log | ||
| + | |||
| + | rndc querylog off | ||
| + | ==== dauerhaft ==== | ||
| + | === einfach === | ||
| + | <file> | ||
| + | options { | ||
| + | … | ||
| + | querylog yes; | ||
| + | … | ||
| + | }; | ||
| + | </file> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === in separate Datei === | ||
| + | <file> | ||
| + | logging { | ||
| + | channel mein_query_log { | ||
| + | file "/var/lib/bind/query.log" versions 10 size 50M; | ||
| + | print-time yes; | ||
| + | }; | ||
| + | category queries { | ||
| + | mein_query_log; | ||
| + | }; | ||
| + | }; | ||
| + | </file> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Doku == | ||
| + | * The category Phrase: https://bind9.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference.html#the-category-phrase | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== logging von "Lame-Servers" ausschalten ===== | ||
| + | <file> | ||
| + | logging { | ||
| + | category lame-servers { | ||
| + | null; | ||
| + | }; | ||
| + | }; | ||
| + | </file> | ||
| + | ====== Fehlersuche ====== | ||
| + | dnstop | ||