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Aus der bash-man-page CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS

files
`-a file`	True if file exists.
`-b file`	…is a block special file.
`-c file`	…is a character special file.
`-d file`	…is a directory.
`-e file`	True if file exists.
`-f file`	…is a regular file.
`-g file`	…is set-group-id.
`-h file`	…is a symbolic link.
`-k file`	…its sticky bit is set.
`-p file`	…is a named pipe (FIFO).
`-r file`	…is readable.
`-s file`	…has a size greater than zero.
`-t fd`	True if file descriptor fd is open and refers to a terminal.
`-u file`	…its set-user-id bit is set.
`-w file`	…is writable.
`-x file`	…is executable.
`-O file`	…is owned by the effective user id.
`-G file`	…is owned by the effective group id.
`-L file`	…is a symbolic link.
`-S file`	…is a socket.
`-N file`	…has been modified since it was last read.

`file1 -nt file2`	True if file1 is newer (according to modification date) than file2, or if file1 exists and file2 does not.
`file1 -ot file2`	True if file1 is older than file2, or if file2 exists and file1 does not.
`file1 -ef file2`	True if file1 and file2 refer to the same device and inode numbers.
shell options
`-o optname`	True if shell option optname is enabled. ¹⁾
strings
`-z string`	True if the length of string is zero.
`string -n string`	True if the length of string is non-zero.
`string1 == string2`	True if the strings are equal. = may be used in place of == for strict POSIX compliance.
`string1 != string2`	True if the strings are not equal.
`string1 < string2`	True if string1 sorts before string2 lexicographically in the current locale.
`string1 > string2`	True if string1 sorts after string2 lexicographically in the current locale.
arithmetic
`arg1 OP arg2`	OP is one of `-eq`, `-ne`, `-lt`, `-le`, `-gt`, or `-ge`. These arithmetic binary operators return true if arg1 is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to arg2, respectively. Arg1 and arg2 may be positive or negative integers.
logic
`(…)`
`! expression`	True if expression is false
`expression -a expression`	And
`expression -o expression`	Or

¹⁾

See the list of options under the description of the -o option to the set builtin below.

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